Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
Joint Authors
Source
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-8, 8 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-06-16
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
8
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often curable by surgery alone.
However, metastatic RCC is generally incurable.
In the 1990s, immunotherapy in the form of cytokines was the mainstay of treatment for metastatic RCC.
However, responses were seen in only a minority of highly selected patients with substantial treatment-related toxicities.
The advent of targeted agents such as vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors VEGF-TKIs and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors led to a change in this paradigm due to improved response rates and progression-free survival, a better safety profile, and the convenience of oral administration.
However, most patients ultimately progress with about 12% being alive at 5 years.
In contrast, durable responses lasting 10 years or more are noted in a minority of those treated with cytokines.
More recently, an improved overall survival with newer forms of immunotherapy in other malignancies (such as melanoma and prostate cancer) has led to a resurgence of interest in immune therapies in metastatic RCC.
In this review we discuss the rationale for immunotherapy and recent developments in immunotherapeutic strategies for treating metastatic RCC.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Raman, Rachna& Vaena, Daniel. 2015. Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1055214
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Raman, Rachna& Vaena, Daniel. Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. BioMed Research International No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1055214
American Medical Association (AMA)
Raman, Rachna& Vaena, Daniel. Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. BioMed Research International. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1055214
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1055214