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Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Review of the Literature
Joint Authors
Żyła, Tomasz
Kawala, Beata
Antoszewska-Smith, Joanna
Kawala, Maciej
Source
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-6, 6 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-02-24
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
6
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Black stain is characterized as a dark line or an incomplete coalescence of dark dots localized on the cervical third of the tooth.
Over the last century, the etiology of black stain has been the subject of much debate.
Most of the studies concerning this issue were conducted in pediatric population.
According to the reviewed articles published between 2001 and 2014, the prevalence of black stain varies from 2.4% to 18% with equal sex distribution.
The majority of the authors confirm the correlation between the presence of black stain and lower caries experience.
The microflora of this deposit is dominated by Actinomyces spp.
and has lower cariogenic potential than nondiscolored dental plaque.
Iron/copper and sulfur complexes are thought to be responsible for the dark color.
In patients with black stain saliva has higher calcium concentrations and higher buffering capacity.
Factors such as dietary habits, socioeconomic status, and iron supplementation may be contributing to the formation of black stain.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Żyła, Tomasz& Kawala, Beata& Antoszewska-Smith, Joanna& Kawala, Maciej. 2015. Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Review of the Literature. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1055597
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Żyła, Tomasz…[et al.]. Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Review of the Literature. BioMed Research International No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1055597
American Medical Association (AMA)
Żyła, Tomasz& Kawala, Beata& Antoszewska-Smith, Joanna& Kawala, Maciej. Black Stain and Dental Caries: A Review of the Literature. BioMed Research International. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1055597
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1055597