Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Joint Authors
Ito, Ayumu
Kondo, Shunsuke
Tada, Kohei
Kitano, Shigehisa
Source
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-12, 12 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-06-16
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
12
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy has been remarkable.
Most striking are the clinical development and approval of immunomodulators, also known as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
These monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are directed to immune checkpoint molecules, which are expressed on immune cells and mediate signals to attenuate excessive immune reactions.
Although mAbs targeting tumor associated antigens, such as anti-CD20 mAb and anti-Her2 mAb, directly recognize tumor cells and induce cell death, immune checkpoint inhibitors restore and augment the antitumor immune activities of cytotoxic T cells by blocking immune checkpoint molecules on T cells or their ligands on antigen presenting and tumor cells.
Based on preclinical data, many clinical trials have demonstrated the acceptable safety profiles and efficacies of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a variety of cancers.
The first in class approved immune checkpoint inhibitor is ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) mAb.
Two pivotal phase III randomized controlled trials demonstrated a survival benefit in patients with metastatic melanoma.
In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma.
Several clinical trials have since investigated new agents, alone and in combination, for various cancers.
In this review, we discuss the current development status of and future challenges in utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Ito, Ayumu& Kondo, Shunsuke& Tada, Kohei& Kitano, Shigehisa. 2015. Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1056098
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Ito, Ayumu…[et al.]. Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. BioMed Research International No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1056098
American Medical Association (AMA)
Ito, Ayumu& Kondo, Shunsuke& Tada, Kohei& Kitano, Shigehisa. Clinical Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. BioMed Research International. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1056098
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1056098