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Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction
Joint Authors
Zaaqoq, Akram M.
Khasawneh, Faisal A.
Smalligan, Roger D.
Source
Cardiology Research and Practice
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-8, 8 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-01-11
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
8
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Prolonged survival in HIV infection is accompanied by an increased frequency of non-HIV-related comorbidities.
It is suggested that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occur earlier among HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative patients, and at a higher rate.
Several factors have been proposed which can be categorized into traditional and nontraditional risk factors.
Immune dysfunction is a nontraditional risk factor that contributes significantly to cardiovascular pathology.
Markers of inflammation are elevated in HIV-infected patients, and elevations in markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
However, the data currently suggest the most practical advice is to start antiretroviral therapy early and to manage traditional risk factors for CVD aggressively.
A better understanding of the mechanisms of CVD in this population and further efforts to modify chronic inflammation remain an important research area.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Zaaqoq, Akram M.& Khasawneh, Faisal A.& Smalligan, Roger D.. 2015. Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction. Cardiology Research and Practice،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1060358
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Zaaqoq, Akram M.…[et al.]. Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction. Cardiology Research and Practice No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1060358
American Medical Association (AMA)
Zaaqoq, Akram M.& Khasawneh, Faisal A.& Smalligan, Roger D.. Cardiovascular Complications of HIV-Associated Immune Dysfunction. Cardiology Research and Practice. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1060358
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1060358