Antimycobacterial and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activity of Julianaceae and Clusiaceae Plant Species from Mexico

Abstract EN

The extracts of 14 Julianaceae and 5 Clusiaceae species growing in Mexico were tested in vitro (50 µg/mL) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT).

The Julianaceae bark and leaf extracts inhibited M.

tuberculosis (>84.67%) and HIV-RT (<49.89%).

The Clusiaceae leaves extracts also inhibited both targets (>58.3% and >67.6%), respectively.

The IC50 values for six selected extracts and their cytotoxicity (50 µg/mL) to human macrophages were then determined.

Amphipterygium glaucum, A.

molle, and A.

simplicifolium fairly inhibited M.

tuberculosis with IC50 of 1.87–2.35 µg/mL; but their IC50 against HIV-RT was 59.25–97.83 µg/mL.

Calophyllum brasiliense, Vismia baccifera, and Vismia mexicana effect on M.

tuberculosis was noteworthy (IC50 3.02–3.64 µg/mL) and also inhibited RT-HIV (IC50 26.24–35.17 µg/mL).

These 6 extracts (50 µg/mL) presented low toxicity to macrophages (<23.8%).

The HPLC profiles of A.

glaucum, A.

molle, and A.

simplicifolium indicated that their antimycobacterial activity cannot be related to masticadienonic, 3α, or 3β-hydromasticadienonic acids, suggesting that other compounds may be responsible for the observed activity or this might be a synergy result.

The anti-HIV-RT and antimycobacterial activities induced by C.

brasiliense can be attributed to the content of calanolides A, B, as well as soulatrolide.