The Metastability and Nucleation Thresholds of Ibuprofen in Ethanol and Water-Ethanol Mixtures
Joint Authors
Rashid, Abdur
White, Edward T.
Howes, Tony
Litster, James D.
Marziano, Ivan
Source
International Journal of Chemical Engineering
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-7, 7 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-08-05
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
7
Abstract EN
To investigate the crystallization of ibuprofen [((RS)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl) phenyl) propanoic acid)] from ethanol and water-ethanol mixtures it is necessary to know the nucleation limits of its solutions.
In the absence of crystals, nucleation will seldom occur below the PNT (primary nucleation threshold).
If crystals are present, nucleation will seldom occur until below the lower SNT (secondary nucleation threshold).
Below the SNT, crystals will still grow with negligible nucleation.
PNT and SNT values (expressed as relative supersaturation σ) have been measured at 10, 25, and 40°C for ibuprofen in ethanol and in a range of mixtures of different ethanol (E)/water (W) ratios.
The induction times were determined from observing the times to nucleate for a range of different supersaturated solutions at a given temperature and E/W ratio.
As expected, lowering the supersaturation leads to longer induction times.
In ethanol, the SNT values are small and thus the secondary metastable zone width (MSZW) is relatively narrow with a 1 h SNT relative supersaturation typically about σ ~ 0.05.
The 1 h PNT values are much larger with values for σ around 0.3.
In aqueous ethanolic mixtures at 25°C, both the PNT and SNT decrease as the water content increases.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Rashid, Abdur& White, Edward T.& Howes, Tony& Litster, James D.& Marziano, Ivan. 2015. The Metastability and Nucleation Thresholds of Ibuprofen in Ethanol and Water-Ethanol Mixtures. International Journal of Chemical Engineering،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1065386
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Rashid, Abdur…[et al.]. The Metastability and Nucleation Thresholds of Ibuprofen in Ethanol and Water-Ethanol Mixtures. International Journal of Chemical Engineering No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1065386
American Medical Association (AMA)
Rashid, Abdur& White, Edward T.& Howes, Tony& Litster, James D.& Marziano, Ivan. The Metastability and Nucleation Thresholds of Ibuprofen in Ethanol and Water-Ethanol Mixtures. International Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1065386
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1065386