High-Salt Enhances the Inflammatory Response by Retina Pigment Epithelium Cells following Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation

Abstract EN

High-salt has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.

In this study, we investigated the effect of high-salt on the production of inflammatory mediators by ARPE-19 cells and the possible mechanisms involved.

ARPE-19 cells were cultured with LPS in DMEM to which extra NaCl had been added (20 mM and 40 mM).

NaCl had no influence on the apoptosis and proliferation of ARPE-19.

Addition of 40 mM NaCl significantly induced IL-6 and MCP-1 production but had no effect on IL-8 secretion.

High mannitol, as an osmotic stress control, did not affect the secretion of inflammatory mediators by ARPE-19 cells indicating that the effect was not mediated by osmolarity.

Coculture of ARPE-19 cells with NaCl resulted in significant increases in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB and an upregulation of the transcription factors NFAT5 and SGK1.

High-salt significantly promotes IL-6 and MCP-1 production by ARPE-19 cells and is associated with activation of the p38 MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB pathway and NFAT-SGK1 pathways.