Inflammatory Response Mechanisms Exacerbating Hypoxemia in Coexistent Pulmonary Fibrosis and Sleep Apnea
Joint Authors
Balachandran, Jay
Adegunsoye, Ayodeji
Source
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-13, 13 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-04-05
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
13
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Mediators of inflammation, oxidative stress, and chemoattractants drive the hypoxemic mechanisms that accompany pulmonary fibrosis.
Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis commonly have obstructive sleep apnea, which potentiates the hypoxic stimuli for oxidative stress, culminating in systemic inflammation and generalized vascular endothelial damage.
Comorbidities like pulmonary hypertension, obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction contribute to chronic hypoxemia leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that may propagate clinical deterioration and alter the pulmonary fibrotic pathway.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), interleukin- (IL-) 1α, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC-1, CINC-2α/β), lipopolysaccharide induced CXC chemokine (LIX), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG-1), macrophage inflammatory protein- (MIP-) 1α, MIP-3α, and nuclear factor- (NF-) κB appear to mediate disease progression.
Adipocytes may induce hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α production; GERD is associated with increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); pulmonary artery myocytes often exhibit increased cytosolic free Ca2+.
Protein kinase C (PKC) mediated upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β also occurs in the pulmonary arteries.
Increased understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms driving hypoxemia in pulmonary fibrosis and obstructive sleep apnea may potentiate the identification of appropriate therapeutic targets for developing effective therapies.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Adegunsoye, Ayodeji& Balachandran, Jay. 2015. Inflammatory Response Mechanisms Exacerbating Hypoxemia in Coexistent Pulmonary Fibrosis and Sleep Apnea. Mediators of Inflammation،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1072394
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Adegunsoye, Ayodeji& Balachandran, Jay. Inflammatory Response Mechanisms Exacerbating Hypoxemia in Coexistent Pulmonary Fibrosis and Sleep Apnea. Mediators of Inflammation No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1072394
American Medical Association (AMA)
Adegunsoye, Ayodeji& Balachandran, Jay. Inflammatory Response Mechanisms Exacerbating Hypoxemia in Coexistent Pulmonary Fibrosis and Sleep Apnea. Mediators of Inflammation. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1072394
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1072394