Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Biomarkers of Immunologic Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Joint Authors
Xu, Ningan
Zhong, Yan
Li, Xiaohong
Source
Issue
Vol. 2015, Issue 2015 (31 Dec. 2015), pp.1-10, 10 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2015-02-01
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
10
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Autism is a disorder of neurobiological origin characterized by problems in communication and social skills and repetitive behavior.
After more than six decades of research, the etiology of autism remains unknown, and no biomarkers have been proven to be characteristic of autism.
A number of studies have shown that the cytokine levels in the blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of autistic subjects differ from that of healthy individuals; for example, a series of studies suggests that interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are significantly elevated in different tissues in autistic subjects.
However, the expression of some cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-2, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), is controversial, and different studies have found various results in different tissues.
In this review, we focused on several types of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that might affect different cell signal pathways and play a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of autistic spectrum disorders.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Xu, Ningan& Li, Xiaohong& Zhong, Yan. 2015. Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Biomarkers of Immunologic Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Mediators of Inflammation،Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1072408
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Xu, Ningan…[et al.]. Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Biomarkers of Immunologic Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Mediators of Inflammation No. 2015 (2015), pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1072408
American Medical Association (AMA)
Xu, Ningan& Li, Xiaohong& Zhong, Yan. Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Biomarkers of Immunologic Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Mediators of Inflammation. 2015. Vol. 2015, no. 2015, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1072408
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1072408