الخلافة العباسية في عهد الضعف بين فقدان السيادة و محاولات استردادها (232-447 ه 847-1055م)‎

Abstract EN

This paper investigates the political situation experienced by the Abbasid Caliphate during its period of weakness that appeared at the beginning of the reign of the tenth Caliph, Al-Mutawackil.

The study showed that the Abbasid Caliphate passed through multiple stages of sovereignty loss represented by the domination of the Turkish military commanders, and princes of States, and then the Buwaihids.

The study reports the fall of the Buwaihids before the power of the Seljuks, who represented another stage of weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate.

The research also showed the control of those involved and the importance of determining the political decision of the Caliphate, the economic resources of the state, the way of dealing with the caliphs, and the deteriorating situation of the ministry and otheradministrative institutions.

The study indicates the attempts to return the sovereignty of the State taken place by Al Mutawackil, Al-Musta'een, Al-Muhtadi, Al-Muwaffaq, Al– Mu'tadid, Al-Muktafi, Al-Mustaqafi.

However, those desperate attempts did not help, making the Caliphs reluctant to try.

The research referred to the efforts of intellectuals to explain such a weakness and find legitimate and logical exits to explain that to the people.

The study concluded that the beginning of the weakness era was to move away from good governance, giving opportunities for foreign elements to intervene in the affairs of the Caliphate.

Such attempts to regain sovereignty were unsuccessful because they were neither studied nor recurrent, with no unity between the governance institution and the public, which led to its failure.