Social Support Groups in the Maintenance of Glycemic Control after Community-Based Intervention

Abstract EN

Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NH/PI; e.g., Samoan and Chuukese) have higher type 2 diabetes prevalence compared to other groups in Hawai‘i.

Partners in Care (PIC), a culturally tailored, community-based, diabetes self-management education intervention (DSME), is effective at improving participants’ glycemic control and self-care behaviors.

Maintenance of improvements is challenging.

Diabetes-related social support groups (SSG) are a promising maintenance component for DSME.

This study examined the effects of a diabetes-specific SSG component relative to a control group, after the receipt of the 3-month PIC intervention, which was delivered to 47 adult NH/PI with type 2 diabetes.

Participants were then randomized to either a 3-month, 6-session SSG or a control group.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, triglycerides, cholesterol, and diabetes self-management knowledge and behaviors were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results indicated significant improvements in HbA1c, diabetes-related self-management knowledge, and behaviors from baseline to 3-month assessment.

However, no differences between the SSG and control group from 3-month to 6-month assessment suggest that all participants were able to maintain initial improvements.

The SSG group had a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure from 3-month to 6-month assessment while the control group did not.

Study limitations and future directions are discussed.