A Quantitative Analysis of Cold Water for Human Consumption in Hospitals in Spain
Joint Authors
González, A. G.
García-Sanz-Calcedo, J.
Salgado, D. R.
Mena, A.
Source
Journal of Healthcare Engineering
Issue
Vol. 2016, Issue 2016 (31 Dec. 2016), pp.1-10, 10 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2016-06-16
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
10
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
An estimation of the water used for human consumption in hospitals is essential to determine possible savings and to fix criteria to improve the design of new water consumption models.
The present work reports on cold water for human consumption (CWHC) in hospitals in Spain and determines the possible savings.
In the period of 2005–2012, 80 Eco-Management and Audit Schemes (EMAS) from 20 hospitals were analysed.
The results conclude that the average annual consumption of CWHC is 1.59 m3/m2 (with a standard deviation of 0.48 m3/m2), 195.85 m3/bed (standard deviation 70.07 m3/bed), or 53.69 m3/worker (standard deviation 16.64 m3/worker).
The results demonstrate the possibility of saving 5,600,000 m3 of water per year.
Assuming the cost of water as approximately 1.22 € /m3, annual savings are estimated as 6,832,000 € .
Furthermore, 2,912 MWh of energy could be saved, and the emission of 22,400 annual tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere could be avoided.
American Psychological Association (APA)
González, A. G.& García-Sanz-Calcedo, J.& Salgado, D. R.& Mena, A.. 2016. A Quantitative Analysis of Cold Water for Human Consumption in Hospitals in Spain. Journal of Healthcare Engineering،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108690
Modern Language Association (MLA)
González, A. G.…[et al.]. A Quantitative Analysis of Cold Water for Human Consumption in Hospitals in Spain. Journal of Healthcare Engineering No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108690
American Medical Association (AMA)
González, A. G.& García-Sanz-Calcedo, J.& Salgado, D. R.& Mena, A.. A Quantitative Analysis of Cold Water for Human Consumption in Hospitals in Spain. Journal of Healthcare Engineering. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108690
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1108690