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The CXCL10CXCR3 Axis and Cardiac Inflammation: Implications for Immunotherapy to Treat Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases of the Heart
Joint Authors
Mallat, Ziad
Altara, Raffaele
Booz, George W.
Zouein, Fouad A.
Source
Journal of Immunology Research
Issue
Vol. 2016, Issue 2016 (31 Dec. 2016), pp.1-12, 12 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2016-10-03
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
12
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Accumulating evidence reveals involvement of T lymphocytes and adaptive immunity in the chronic inflammation associated with infectious and noninfectious diseases of the heart, including coronary artery disease, Kawasaki disease, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathies, Chagas, hypertensive left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and nonischemic heart failure.
Chemokine CXCL10 is elevated in cardiovascular diseases, along with increased cardiac infiltration of proinflammatory Th1 and cytotoxic T cells.
CXCL10 is a chemoattractant for these T cells and polarizing factor for the proinflammatory phenotype.
Thus, targeting the CXCL10 receptor CXCR3 is a promising therapeutic approach to treating cardiac inflammation.
Due to biased signaling CXCR3 also couples to anti-inflammatory signaling and immunosuppressive regulatory T cell formation when activated by CXCL11.
Numbers and functionality of regulatory T cells are reduced in patients with cardiac inflammation, supporting the utility of biased agonists or biologicals to simultaneously block the pro-inflammatory and activate the anti-inflammatory actions of CXCR3.
Other immunotherapy strategies to boost regulatory T cell actions include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, adoptive transfer, immunoadsorption, and low-dose interleukin-2/interleukin-2 antibody complexes.
Pharmacological approaches include sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 agonists and vitamin D supplementation.
A combined strategy of switching CXCR3 signaling from pro- to anti-inflammatory and improving Treg functionality is predicted to synergistically lessen adverse cardiac remodeling.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Altara, Raffaele& Mallat, Ziad& Booz, George W.& Zouein, Fouad A.. 2016. The CXCL10CXCR3 Axis and Cardiac Inflammation: Implications for Immunotherapy to Treat Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases of the Heart. Journal of Immunology Research،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108788
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Altara, Raffaele…[et al.]. The CXCL10CXCR3 Axis and Cardiac Inflammation: Implications for Immunotherapy to Treat Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases of the Heart. Journal of Immunology Research No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108788
American Medical Association (AMA)
Altara, Raffaele& Mallat, Ziad& Booz, George W.& Zouein, Fouad A.. The CXCL10CXCR3 Axis and Cardiac Inflammation: Implications for Immunotherapy to Treat Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases of the Heart. Journal of Immunology Research. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108788
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1108788