Exploring New Inflammatory Biomarkers and Pathways during LPS-Induced M1 Polarization
Joint Authors
Cunha, Carolina
Gomes, Cátia
Vaz, Ana Rita
Brites, Dora
Source
Issue
Vol. 2016, Issue 2016 (31 Dec. 2016), pp.1-17, 17 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2016-12-21
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
17
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Identification of mediators triggering microglia activation and transference of noncoding microRNA (miRNA) into exosomes are critical to dissect the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.
We used lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced N9 microglia activation to explore new biomarkers/signaling pathways and to identify inflammatory miRNA (inflamma-miR) in cells and their derived exosomes.
Upregulation of iNOS and MHC-II (M1-markers) and downregulation of arginase 1, FIZZ1 (M2-markers), and CX3CR1 (M0/M2 polarization) confirmed the switch of N9 LPS-treated cells into the M1 phenotype, as described for macrophages/microglia.
Cells showed increased proliferation, activated TLR4/TLR2/NF-κB pathway, and enhanced phagocytosis, further corroborated by upregulated MFG-E8.
We found NLRP3-inflammasome activation in these cells, probably accounting for the increased extracellular content of the cytokine HMGB1 and of the MMP-9 we have observed.
We demonstrate for the first time that the inflamma-miR profiling (upregulated miR-155 and miR-146a plus downregulated miR-124) in M1 polarized N9 cells, noticed by others in activated macrophages/microglia, was replicated in their derived exosomes, likely regulating the inflammatory response of recipient cells and dissemination processes.
Data show that LPS-treated N9 cells behave like M1 polarized microglia/macrophages, while providing new targets for drug discovery.
In particular, the study yields novel insights into the exosomal circulating miRNA during neuroinflammation important for emerging therapeutic approaches targeting microglia activation.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Cunha, Carolina& Gomes, Cátia& Vaz, Ana Rita& Brites, Dora. 2016. Exploring New Inflammatory Biomarkers and Pathways during LPS-Induced M1 Polarization. Mediators of Inflammation،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1111188
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Cunha, Carolina…[et al.]. Exploring New Inflammatory Biomarkers and Pathways during LPS-Induced M1 Polarization. Mediators of Inflammation No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1111188
American Medical Association (AMA)
Cunha, Carolina& Gomes, Cátia& Vaz, Ana Rita& Brites, Dora. Exploring New Inflammatory Biomarkers and Pathways during LPS-Induced M1 Polarization. Mediators of Inflammation. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1111188
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1111188