Cytokine and Growth Factor Activation In Vivo and In Vitro after Spinal Cord Injury
Joint Authors
Silva-García, Raúl
García-Vences, Elisa
Aguilar-Cevallos, Jorge
Ibarra, Antonio
Source
Issue
Vol. 2016, Issue 2016 (31 Dec. 2016), pp.1-21, 21 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2016-06-23
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
21
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Spinal cord injury results in a life-disrupting series of deleterious interconnected mechanisms encompassed by the primary and secondary injury.
These events are mediated by the upregulation of genes with roles in inflammation, transcription, and signaling proteins.
In particular, cytokines and growth factors are signaling proteins that have important roles in the pathophysiology of SCI.
The balance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these molecules plays a critical role in the progression and outcome of the lesion.
The excessive inflammatory Th1 and Th17 phenotypes observed after SCI tilt the scale towards a proinflammatory environment, which exacerbates the deleterious mechanisms present after the injury.
These mechanisms include the disruption of the spinal cord blood barrier, edema and ion imbalance, in particular intracellular calcium and sodium concentrations, glutamate excitotoxicity, free radicals, and the inflammatory response contributing to the neurodegenerative process which is characterized by demyelination and apoptosis of neuronal tissue.
American Psychological Association (APA)
García-Vences, Elisa& Aguilar-Cevallos, Jorge& Silva-García, Raúl& Ibarra, Antonio. 2016. Cytokine and Growth Factor Activation In Vivo and In Vitro after Spinal Cord Injury. Mediators of Inflammation،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-21.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1111304
Modern Language Association (MLA)
García-Vences, Elisa…[et al.]. Cytokine and Growth Factor Activation In Vivo and In Vitro after Spinal Cord Injury. Mediators of Inflammation No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-21.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1111304
American Medical Association (AMA)
García-Vences, Elisa& Aguilar-Cevallos, Jorge& Silva-García, Raúl& Ibarra, Antonio. Cytokine and Growth Factor Activation In Vivo and In Vitro after Spinal Cord Injury. Mediators of Inflammation. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-21.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1111304
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1111304