Pathophysiology of Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease as the Rationale for Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation
Joint Authors
Smania, Nicola
Magrinelli, Francesca
Federico, Angela
Tocco, Pierluigi
Roncari, Laura
Tamburin, Stefano
Picelli, Alessandro
Zanette, Giampietro
Source
Issue
Vol. 2016, Issue 2016 (31 Dec. 2016), pp.1-18, 18 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2016-06-06
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
18
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Cardinal motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) include bradykinesia, rest tremor, and rigidity, which appear in the early stages of the disease and largely depend on dopaminergic nigrostriatal denervation.
Intermediate and advanced PD stages are characterized by motor fluctuations and dyskinesia, which depend on complex mechanisms secondary to severe nigrostriatal loss and to the problems related to oral levodopa absorption, and motor and nonmotor symptoms and signs that are secondary to marked dopaminergic loss and multisystem neurodegeneration with damage to nondopaminergic pathways.
Nondopaminergic dysfunction results in motor problems, including posture, balance and gait disturbances, and fatigue, and nonmotor problems, encompassing depression, apathy, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, pain, and autonomic dysfunction.
There are a number of symptomatic drugs for PD motor signs, but the pharmacological resources for nonmotor signs and symptoms are limited, and rehabilitation may contribute to their treatment.
The present review will focus on classical notions and recent insights into the neuropathology, neuropharmacology, and neurophysiology of motor dysfunction of PD.
These pieces of information represent the basis for the pharmacological, neurosurgical, and rehabilitative approaches to PD.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Magrinelli, Francesca& Picelli, Alessandro& Tocco, Pierluigi& Federico, Angela& Roncari, Laura& Smania, Nicola…[et al.]. 2016. Pathophysiology of Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease as the Rationale for Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation. Parkinson’s Disease،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1115287
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Magrinelli, Francesca…[et al.]. Pathophysiology of Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease as the Rationale for Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation. Parkinson’s Disease No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1115287
American Medical Association (AMA)
Magrinelli, Francesca& Picelli, Alessandro& Tocco, Pierluigi& Federico, Angela& Roncari, Laura& Smania, Nicola…[et al.]. Pathophysiology of Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease as the Rationale for Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation. Parkinson’s Disease. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1115287
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1115287