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Review on Cross Talk between Neurotransmitters and Neuroinflammation in Striatum and Cerebellum in the Mediation of Motor Behaviour
Joint Authors
Zakaria, Rahimah
Muthuraju, Sangu
Abdullah, Jafri Malin
Abg Abd Wahab, Dayang Yasmin
Gau, Chuang Huei
Muthu Karuppan, Mohan Kumar
A-rahbi, Badriya S.
Abdullah, Zuraidah
Alrafiah, Aziza
Source
Issue
Vol. 2019, Issue 2019 (31 Dec. 2019), pp.1-10, 10 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2019-11-14
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
10
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Neurological diseases particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke, and epilepsy are on the rise all around the world causing morbidity and mortality globally with a common symptom of gradual loss or impairment of motor behaviour.
Striatum, which is a component of the basal ganglia, is involved in facilitating voluntary movement while the cerebellum is involved in the maintenance of balance and coordination of voluntary movements.
Dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate, to name a few, interact in regulating the excitation and inhibition of motor neurons.
In another hand, interestingly, the motor loss associated with neurological diseases is possibly resulted from neuroinflammation induced by the neuroimmune system.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are present in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically and primarily expressed in microglia and are also found on neurons and astrocytes, functioning mainly in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production.
TLRs are always found to be associated or involved in the induction of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) through TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), stimulation initiate a signaling cascade whereby the TLR4-LPS interaction has been found to result in physiological and behavioural changes including retardation of motor activity in the mouse model.
TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 was reflected in the reduction of the spinal cord pathology along with the motor improvement in ALS mouse.
There is cross talk with neuroinflammation and neurochemicals.
For example, TLR4 activation by LPS is noted to release proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, from microglia that subsequently suppresses GABA receptor activities at the postsynaptic site and reduces GABA synthesis at the presynaptic site.
Glial glutamate transporter activities are also found to be suppressed, showing the association between TLR4 activation and the related neurotransmitters and corresponding receptors and transporters in the event of neuroinflammation.
This review is helpful to understand the connection between neurotransmitter and neuroinflammation in striatum- and cerebellum-mediated motor behaviour.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Abg Abd Wahab, Dayang Yasmin& Gau, Chuang Huei& Zakaria, Rahimah& Muthu Karuppan, Mohan Kumar& A-rahbi, Badriya S.& Abdullah, Zuraidah…[et al.]. 2019. Review on Cross Talk between Neurotransmitters and Neuroinflammation in Striatum and Cerebellum in the Mediation of Motor Behaviour. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1123502
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Abg Abd Wahab, Dayang Yasmin…[et al.]. Review on Cross Talk between Neurotransmitters and Neuroinflammation in Striatum and Cerebellum in the Mediation of Motor Behaviour. BioMed Research International No. 2019 (2019), pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1123502
American Medical Association (AMA)
Abg Abd Wahab, Dayang Yasmin& Gau, Chuang Huei& Zakaria, Rahimah& Muthu Karuppan, Mohan Kumar& A-rahbi, Badriya S.& Abdullah, Zuraidah…[et al.]. Review on Cross Talk between Neurotransmitters and Neuroinflammation in Striatum and Cerebellum in the Mediation of Motor Behaviour. BioMed Research International. 2019. Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1123502
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1123502