Young Children Display Diurnal Patterns of Salivary IgA and Alpha-Amylase Expression Which Are Independent of Food Intake and Demographic Factors
Joint Authors
Sandalova, Elena
Lim, Pei Wen
Nambiar, S.
Muhardi, L.
Abdul Kader, U. H.
Garssen, J.
Source
Issue
Vol. 2019, Issue 2019 (31 Dec. 2019), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2019-01-14
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Background.
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) have been proposed as biomarkers for research on the mucosal immune system and on stress.
Expression of both sAA and sIgA has been described to follow opposing diurnal patterns.
This knowledge is crucial for the interpretation of studies using these biomarkers.
Aim.
It was hypothesized that sAA and sIgA display diurnal patterns in children and that this is independent of food intake or demographic factors.
Methods.
Whole saliva was collected from 78 healthy children (15-39 months old) in the morning and evening for two random nonconsecutive days.
The samples have been analysed for sAA and sIgA.
The total daily energy, fat, saturated fat, protein, carbohydrate and fibre, mineral, and vitamin consumption were analysed based on the two-day weighed food records collected by the parents.
Results.
It was demonstrated that most young children followed the diurnal pattern when sAA increased and sIgA decreased from morning to evening.
No correlation was observed between the intake of any of the nutrients and morning or evening values for both salivary proteins.
The morning and evening values of sAA and sIgA did not correlate with age, sex, Asian ethnicity, and BMI of the children.
Conclusion.
Diurnal patterns of sAA and sIgA exist in healthy young children and are not affected by their nutrient intake, sex, Asian ethnicity, and BMI.
Scientists including sIgA and sAA in their research must consider the diurnal pattern that these markers exhibit and design the study accordingly.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Lim, Pei Wen& Nambiar, S.& Muhardi, L.& Abdul Kader, U. H.& Garssen, J.& Sandalova, Elena. 2019. Young Children Display Diurnal Patterns of Salivary IgA and Alpha-Amylase Expression Which Are Independent of Food Intake and Demographic Factors. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1124753
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Lim, Pei Wen…[et al.]. Young Children Display Diurnal Patterns of Salivary IgA and Alpha-Amylase Expression Which Are Independent of Food Intake and Demographic Factors. BioMed Research International No. 2019 (2019), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1124753
American Medical Association (AMA)
Lim, Pei Wen& Nambiar, S.& Muhardi, L.& Abdul Kader, U. H.& Garssen, J.& Sandalova, Elena. Young Children Display Diurnal Patterns of Salivary IgA and Alpha-Amylase Expression Which Are Independent of Food Intake and Demographic Factors. BioMed Research International. 2019. Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1124753
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1124753