Electric Stimulation of Ear Reduces the Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway on Kainic Acid-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Rats
Joint Authors
Lin, Yi-Wen
Liao, En-Tzu
Huang, Chun-Ping
Tang, Nou-Ying
Hsieh, Ching-Liang
Source
Issue
Vol. 2018, Issue 2018 (31 Dec. 2018), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2018-02-26
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Epilepsy is a common clinical syndrome with recurrent neuronal discharges in the temporal lobe, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus.
Clinical antiepileptic medicines are often ineffective or of little benefit in 30% of epileptic patients and usually cause severe side effects.
Emerging evidence indicates the crucial role of inflammatory mediators in epilepsy.
The current study investigates the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its underlying mechanisms in kainic acid- (KA-) induced epileptic seizures in rats.
Experimental KA injection successfully initiated an epileptic seizure accompanied by increased expression of TLR4 in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and somatosensory cortex.
In addition, calcium-sensitive phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (pCaMKIIα) increased after the initiation of the epileptic seizure.
Furthermore, downstream-phosphorylated signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase simultaneously increased in these brain areas.
Moreover, the transcriptional factor phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (pNF-κB) increased, suggesting that nucleus transcription was affected.
Furthermore, the aforementioned molecules decreased by an electric stimulation (ES) of either 2 Hz or 15 Hz of the ear in the three brain areas.
Accordingly, we suggest that ES of the ear can successfully control epileptic seizures by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway and has a therapeutic benefit in reducing epileptic seizures.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Liao, En-Tzu& Lin, Yi-Wen& Huang, Chun-Ping& Tang, Nou-Ying& Hsieh, Ching-Liang. 2018. Electric Stimulation of Ear Reduces the Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway on Kainic Acid-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Rats. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2018, no. 2018, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1127264
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Liao, En-Tzu…[et al.]. Electric Stimulation of Ear Reduces the Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway on Kainic Acid-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Rats. BioMed Research International No. 2018 (2018), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1127264
American Medical Association (AMA)
Liao, En-Tzu& Lin, Yi-Wen& Huang, Chun-Ping& Tang, Nou-Ying& Hsieh, Ching-Liang. Electric Stimulation of Ear Reduces the Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway on Kainic Acid-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Rats. BioMed Research International. 2018. Vol. 2018, no. 2018, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1127264
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1127264