Intelligent Buses in a Loop Service: Emergence of No-Boarding and Holding Strategies
Joint Authors
Saw, Vee-Liem
Vismara, Luca
Chew, Lock Yue
Source
Issue
Vol. 2020, Issue 2020 (31 Dec. 2020), pp.1-18, 18 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2020-08-26
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
18
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
We study how N intelligent buses serving a loop of M bus stops learn a no-boarding strategy and a holding strategy by reinforcement learning.
The no-boarding and holding strategies emerge from the actions of stay or leave when a bus is at a bus stop and everyone who wishes to alight has done so.
A reward that encourages the buses to strive towards a staggered phase difference amongst them whilst picking up passengers allows the reinforcement learning process to converge to an optimal Q-table within a reasonable amount of simulation time.
It is remarkable that this emergent behaviour of intelligent buses turns out to minimise the average waiting time of commuters, in various setups where buses move with the same speed or different speeds, during busy as well as lull periods.
Cooperative actions are also observed, e.g., the buses learn to unbunch.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Saw, Vee-Liem& Vismara, Luca& Chew, Lock Yue. 2020. Intelligent Buses in a Loop Service: Emergence of No-Boarding and Holding Strategies. Complexity،Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1143682
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Saw, Vee-Liem…[et al.]. Intelligent Buses in a Loop Service: Emergence of No-Boarding and Holding Strategies. Complexity No. 2020 (2020), pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1143682
American Medical Association (AMA)
Saw, Vee-Liem& Vismara, Luca& Chew, Lock Yue. Intelligent Buses in a Loop Service: Emergence of No-Boarding and Holding Strategies. Complexity. 2020. Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1143682
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1143682