An Unprecedented Case of p190 BCR-ABL Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Diagnosed during Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract EN

We report the case of a 76-year-old man who was diagnosed as having chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with p190 BCR-ABL while receiving treatment for symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM).

The diagnosis of MM was based on the presence of serum M-protein, abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, and lytic bone lesions.

The patient achieved a partial response to lenalidomide and dexamethasone treatment.

However, 2 years after the diagnosis of MM, the patient developed leukocytosis with granulocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.

Bone marrow examination revealed Philadelphia chromosomes and chimeric p190 BCR-ABL mRNA.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization also revealed BCR-ABL-positive neutrophils in the peripheral blood, which suggested the emergence of CML with p190 BCR-ABL.

The codevelopment of MM and CML is very rare, and this is the first report describing p190 BCR-ABL-type CML coexisting with MM.

Moreover, we have reviewed the literature regarding the coexistence of these diseases.