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Evaluation of Individual and Combined Markers of Urine Dipstick Parameters and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Substitute for CD4 Count in Low-Resource Communities in Ghana
Joint Authors
Obirikorang, Christian
Odame Anto, Enoch
Acheampong, Emmanuel
Donkor, Sampson
Oppong Afranie, Bright
Amankwaa, Bright
Hope, Isaac
Jommo, Juliana
Osaah, Esther
Source
Issue
Vol. 2018, Issue 2018 (31 Dec. 2018), pp.1-7, 7 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2018-02-11
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
7
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
We evaluated the individual and combined levels of urine dipstick and total lymphocyte count (TLC) as surrogate markers for CD4 count in a low-resource community in Ghana.
This cross-sectional study recruited 200 HIV-infected patients from the Saint Francis Xavier Hospital, Assin Fosu, Ghana.
Complete blood count, CD4 count, and urine dipstick analysis were measured for participants.
The threshold values were determined as <350 cells/μl for CD4, <1200 cells/μl for TLC, and ≥+ on urine dipstick analysis.
The mean age of participants was 43.09 years.
Proteinuria ≥ + [aOR = 4.30 (3.0–18.5)], leukocyturia ≥ + [aOR = 2.91 (1.33–12.5)], hematuria ≥ + [aOR = 2.30 (1.08–9.64)], and TLC < 1200 cells/μl [aOR = 3.26 (3.94–15.29)] were significantly associated with increased risk of CD4 count < 350 cells/μl.
Using the individual markers, the best substitute marker for predicting CD4 count < 350 cells/μl was proteinuria at a cutoff point ≥ 2++, AUC of 0.973, sensitivity of 97.6%, specificity of 100.0%, PPV of 100.0%, and NPV of 89.1%.
A combination of ≤ 1200 TLC + ≥ 2++ (leukocyturia + proteinuria + hematuria) yielded an AUC of 0.980, sensitivity (72.8%), specificity (100.0%), PPV (100.0%), and NPV (97.9%).
Proteinuria could serve as a noninvasive screening tool, but the combination of proteinuria, leukocyturia, hematuria, and TLC serves as a better substitute marker for CD4 count in monitoring the disease progression among HIV patients in low-resource communities.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Odame Anto, Enoch& Obirikorang, Christian& Acheampong, Emmanuel& Amankwaa, Bright& Oppong Afranie, Bright& Donkor, Sampson…[et al.]. 2018. Evaluation of Individual and Combined Markers of Urine Dipstick Parameters and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Substitute for CD4 Count in Low-Resource Communities in Ghana. Disease Markers،Vol. 2018, no. 2018, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1153646
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Odame Anto, Enoch…[et al.]. Evaluation of Individual and Combined Markers of Urine Dipstick Parameters and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Substitute for CD4 Count in Low-Resource Communities in Ghana. Disease Markers No. 2018 (2018), pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1153646
American Medical Association (AMA)
Odame Anto, Enoch& Obirikorang, Christian& Acheampong, Emmanuel& Amankwaa, Bright& Oppong Afranie, Bright& Donkor, Sampson…[et al.]. Evaluation of Individual and Combined Markers of Urine Dipstick Parameters and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Substitute for CD4 Count in Low-Resource Communities in Ghana. Disease Markers. 2018. Vol. 2018, no. 2018, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1153646
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1153646