Compaction of Hyaloclastite from the Active Geothermal System at Krafla Volcano, Iceland
Joint Authors
Eggertsson, Guðjón H.
Kendrick, Jackie E.
Weaver, Joshua
Wallace, Paul A.
Utley, James E. P.
Bedford, John D.
Allen, Michael J.
Markússon, Sigurður H.
Worden, Richard H.
Faulkner, Daniel R.
Lavallée, Yan
Source
Issue
Vol. 2020, Issue 2020 (31 Dec. 2020), pp.1-17, 17 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2020-07-11
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
17
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Hyaloclastites commonly form high-quality reservoir rocks in volcanic geothermal provinces.
Here, we investigated the effects of confinement due to burial following prolonged accumulation of eruptive products on the physical and mechanical evolution of surficial and subsurface (depths of 70 m, 556 m, and 732 m) hyaloclastites from Krafla volcano, Iceland.
Upon loading in a hydrostatic cell, the porosity and permeability of the surficial hyaloclastite decreased linearly with mean effective stress, as pores and cracks closed due to elastic (recoverable) compaction up to 22-24 MPa (equivalent to ~1.3 km depth in the reservoir).
Beyond this mean effective stress, denoted as P∗, we observed accelerated porosity and permeability reduction with increasing confinement, as the rock underwent permanent inelastic compaction.
In comparison, the porosity and permeability of the subsurface core samples were less sensitive to mean effective stress, decreasing linearly with increasing confinement as the samples compacted elastically within the conditions tested (to 40 MPa).
Although the surficial material underwent permanent, destructive compaction, it maintained higher porosity and permeability than the subsurface hyaloclastites throughout the experiments.
We constrained the evolution of yield curves of the hyaloclastites, subjected to different effective mean stresses in a triaxial press.
Surficial hyaloclastites underwent a brittle-ductile transition at an effective mean stress of ~10.5 MPa, and peak strength (differential stress) reached 13 MPa.
When loaded to effective mean stresses of 33 and 40 MPa, the rocks compacted, producing new yield curves with a brittle-ductile transition at ~12.5 and ~19 MPa, respectively, but showed limited strength increase.
In comparison, the subsurface samples were found to be much stronger, displaying higher strengths and brittle-ductile transitions at higher effective mean stresses (i.e., 37.5 MPa for 70 m sample, >75 MPa for 556 m, and 68.5 MPa for 732 m) that correspond to their lower porosities and permeabilities.
Thus, we conclude that compaction upon burial alone is insufficient to explain the physical and mechanical properties of the subsurface hyaloclastites present in the reservoir at Krafla volcano.
Mineralogical alteration, quantified using SEM-EDS, is invoked to explain the further reduction of porosity and increase in strength of the hyaloclastite in the active geothermal system at Krafla.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Eggertsson, Guðjón H.& Kendrick, Jackie E.& Weaver, Joshua& Wallace, Paul A.& Utley, James E. P.& Bedford, John D.…[et al.]. 2020. Compaction of Hyaloclastite from the Active Geothermal System at Krafla Volcano, Iceland. Geofluids،Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1159549
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Eggertsson, Guðjón H.…[et al.]. Compaction of Hyaloclastite from the Active Geothermal System at Krafla Volcano, Iceland. Geofluids No. 2020 (2020), pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1159549
American Medical Association (AMA)
Eggertsson, Guðjón H.& Kendrick, Jackie E.& Weaver, Joshua& Wallace, Paul A.& Utley, James E. P.& Bedford, John D.…[et al.]. Compaction of Hyaloclastite from the Active Geothermal System at Krafla Volcano, Iceland. Geofluids. 2020. Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1159549
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1159549