Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Gynecomastia in Adult Patients
Joint Authors
Zacharieva, Sabina
Robeva, Ralitsa
Elenkova, Atanaska
Source
International Journal of Endocrinology
Issue
Vol. 2019, Issue 2019 (31 Dec. 2019), pp.1-7, 7 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2019-10-03
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
7
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Background.
Gynecomastia (GM) is a benign enlargement of male breast due to glandular tissue proliferation.
GM is a symptom of systemic or local hormonal disturbances, which could be associated with functional changes or pathological conditions.
However, the long-lasting steroid imbalance in men with GM might exert negative influence on their metabolic health.
Methods.
A total of 110 adult men with symptomatic GM were included in the present retrospective cross-sectional study.
Anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal data of the patients were collected.
Results.
In almost 64% of GM patients, the underlying pathological condition was identified.
Moreover, the development of GM was among the primary symptoms leading to the proper diagnosis in more than 40% of hypogonadal patients.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) was 53%; the highest prevalence of MS was found in patients with medication-induced GM and in the hypogonadal patients, whereas the lowest prevalence was observed in men with idiopathic postpubertal GM despite the similar degree of obesity.
The lower testosterone levels were associated with more unfavorable lipid profile in the GM patients.
Conclusion.
The development of GM in adults might be an important symptom of an underlying gonadal disease.
Moreover, it could be associated with an increased risk of metabolic disturbances.
Our results support the need of detailed laboratory and hormonal investigations in patients with GM including targeted screening for metabolic disturbances.
Further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the long-term consequences of sex hormones imbalance on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults with GM.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Robeva, Ralitsa& Elenkova, Atanaska& Zacharieva, Sabina. 2019. Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Gynecomastia in Adult Patients. International Journal of Endocrinology،Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1159651
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Robeva, Ralitsa…[et al.]. Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Gynecomastia in Adult Patients. International Journal of Endocrinology No. 2019 (2019), pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1159651
American Medical Association (AMA)
Robeva, Ralitsa& Elenkova, Atanaska& Zacharieva, Sabina. Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Gynecomastia in Adult Patients. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2019. Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1159651
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1159651