Satisfying deficiency needs in the poetry of Adrienne rich, Nikki Giovanni, and Leslie Marmon Silko

Abstract EN

This study involves an analysis of the poetic works of three American poetesses: Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), Nikki Giovanni (1943- ), and Leslie Marmon Silko (1948- ) in the light of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, particularly the deficiency needs.

Rich, Giovanni, and Silko come from the American society that guarantees a full satisfaction of the physiological needs for its people.

Therefore, this study begins with exploring the security needs, moving to the love and belonging needs, and finally the esteem needs in their poetry.

Each of these needs will be discussed point by point for each poetess, highlighting the points of similarity and difference.