The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System
Author
Source
International Journal of Endocrinology
Issue
Vol. 2017, Issue 2017 (31 Dec. 2017), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2017-08-23
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
This narrative review summarizes beneficial and harmful vitamin D effects on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system.
Special attention is paid to the dose-response relationship of vitamin D with clinical outcomes.
In infants and adults, the risk of musculoskeletal diseases is highest at circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations below 25 nmol/L and is low if 40–60 nmol/L are achieved.
However, evidence is also accumulating that in elderly people the risk of falls and fractures increases again at circulating 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L.
Cohort studies report a progressive increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events at 25OHD levels < 50 nmol/L.
Nevertheless, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials suggest only small beneficial effects of vitamin D supplements on surrogate parameters of CVD risk and no reduction in CVD events.
Evidence is accumulating for adverse vitamin D effects on CVD outcomes at 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L, but the threshold may be influenced by the level of physical activity.
In conclusion, dose-response relationships indicate deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system and probably on the cardiovascular system at circulating 25OHD levels < 40–60 nmol/L and >100 nmol/L.
Future studies should focus on populations with 25OHD levels < 40 nmol/L and should avoid vitamin D doses achieving 25OHD levels > 100 nmol/L.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Zittermann, Armin. 2017. The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System. International Journal of Endocrinology،Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1166148
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Zittermann, Armin. The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System. International Journal of Endocrinology No. 2017 (2017), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1166148
American Medical Association (AMA)
Zittermann, Armin. The Biphasic Effect of Vitamin D on the Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular System. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2017. Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1166148
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1166148