Male Hypogonadism and Osteoporosis: The Effects, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment of Testosterone Deficiency in Bone Health
Joint Authors
Arnason, Terra
Golds, Gary
Houdek, Devon
Source
International Journal of Endocrinology
Issue
Vol. 2017, Issue 2017 (31 Dec. 2017), pp.1-15, 15 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2017-03-16
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
15
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
It is well recognized that bone loss accelerates in hypogonadal states, with female menopause being the classic example of sex hormones affecting the regulation of bone metabolism.
Underrepresented is our knowledge of the clinical and metabolic consequences of overt male hypogonadism, as well as the more subtle age-related decline in testosterone on bone quality.
While menopause and estrogen deficiency are well-known risk factors for osteoporosis in women, the effects of age-related testosterone decline in men on bone health are less well known.
Much of our knowledge comes from observational studies and retrospective analysis on small groups of men with variable causes of primary or secondary hypogonadism and mild to overt testosterone deficiencies.
This review aims to present the current knowledge of the consequences of adult male hypogonadism on bone metabolism.
The direct and indirect effects of testosterone on bone cells will be explored as well as the important differences in male osteoporosis and assessment as compared to that in females.
The clinical consequence of both primary and secondary hypogonadism, as well as testosterone decline in older males, on bone density and fracture risk in men will be summarized.
Finally, the therapeutic options and their efficacy in male osteoporosis and hypogonadism will be discussed.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Golds, Gary& Houdek, Devon& Arnason, Terra. 2017. Male Hypogonadism and Osteoporosis: The Effects, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment of Testosterone Deficiency in Bone Health. International Journal of Endocrinology،Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1166223
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Golds, Gary…[et al.]. Male Hypogonadism and Osteoporosis: The Effects, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment of Testosterone Deficiency in Bone Health. International Journal of Endocrinology No. 2017 (2017), pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1166223
American Medical Association (AMA)
Golds, Gary& Houdek, Devon& Arnason, Terra. Male Hypogonadism and Osteoporosis: The Effects, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment of Testosterone Deficiency in Bone Health. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2017. Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1166223
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1166223