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Takeover Quality: Assessing the Effects of Time Budget and Traffic Density with the Help of a Trajectory-Planning Method
Joint Authors
Doubek, Fabian
Loosveld, Erik
Happee, Riender
de Winter, Joost
Source
Journal of Advanced Transportation
Issue
Vol. 2020, Issue 2020 (31 Dec. 2020), pp.1-12, 12 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2020-07-01
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
12
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
In highly automated driving, the driver can engage in a nondriving task but sometimes has to take over control.
We argue that current takeover quality measures, such as the maximum longitudinal acceleration, are insufficient because they ignore the criticality of the scenario.
This paper proposes a novel method of quantifying how well the driver executed an automation-to-manual takeover by comparing human behaviour to optimised behaviour as computed using a trajectory planner.
A human-in-the-loop study was carried out in a high-fidelity 6-DOF driving simulator with 25 participants.
The takeover required a lane change to avoid roadworks on the ego-lane while taking other traffic into consideration.
Each participant encountered six different takeover scenarios, with a different time budget (5 s, 7 s, or 20 s) and traffic density level (low or medium).
Results showed that drivers exhibited a considerably higher longitudinal and lateral acceleration than the optimised behaviour, especially in the short time budget scenarios.
In scenarios of medium traffic density, the trajectory planner showed a moderate deceleration to let a vehicle in the left lane pass; many participants, on the other hand, did not decelerate before making a lane change, resulting in a dangerous emergency brake of the left-lane vehicle.
In conclusion, our results illustrate the value of assessing human takeover behaviour relative to optimised behaviour.
Using the trajectory planner, we showed that human drivers are unable to behave optimally in urgent scenarios and that, in some conditions, a medium deceleration, as opposed to a maximal or minimal deceleration, is optimal.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Doubek, Fabian& Loosveld, Erik& Happee, Riender& de Winter, Joost. 2020. Takeover Quality: Assessing the Effects of Time Budget and Traffic Density with the Help of a Trajectory-Planning Method. Journal of Advanced Transportation،Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1175842
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Doubek, Fabian…[et al.]. Takeover Quality: Assessing the Effects of Time Budget and Traffic Density with the Help of a Trajectory-Planning Method. Journal of Advanced Transportation No. 2020 (2020), pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1175842
American Medical Association (AMA)
Doubek, Fabian& Loosveld, Erik& Happee, Riender& de Winter, Joost. Takeover Quality: Assessing the Effects of Time Budget and Traffic Density with the Help of a Trajectory-Planning Method. Journal of Advanced Transportation. 2020. Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1175842
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1175842