Dietary Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in Europe: A Review of 49 Studies from 29 Countries in the Period 1993–2015

Author

Milman, Nils Thorm

Source

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

Issue

Vol. 2019, Issue 2019 (31 Dec. 2019), pp.1-13, 13 p.

Publisher

Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Publication Date

2019-06-13

Country of Publication

Egypt

No. of Pages

13

Main Subjects

Nutrition & Dietetics

Abstract EN

Objective.

Assessment of dietary iron intake in women of reproductive age in Europe.

Design.

Review.

Setting.

Literature search of dietary surveys reporting intake of iron using PubMed, Internet browsers, and national nutrient databases in the period 1993–2015.

Subjects.

Women of reproductive age.

Results.

49 dietary surveys/studies in 29 European countries were included.

Belgium, Bosnia, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Northern Ireland, Serbia, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom/England, and Wales reported a median/mean iron intake of 7.6–9.9 mg/day.

Finland, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Spain reported an intake of 10.0–10.7 mg/day.

Austria, Estonia, France, and Russia reported an intake of 11.0–11.9 mg/day.

Latvia and Germany reported an intake of 12.0–12.2 mg/day.

Croatia, Lithuania, Portugal, and Slovakia reported an intake of 15.9–19.0 mg/day.

The percentage of dietary iron consisting of heme iron, reported in 7 studies, varied from 4.3% in United Kingdom to 25% in Spain.

Nutrient density for iron (mg iron/10 MJ, median/mean) varied from 11.8 in Sweden to 23.0 in Lithuania.

The correlation between nutrient density and dietary iron was significant (p=0.0006).

In most countries, the majority of women had a dietary iron intake below 15 mg/day.

In Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, and Sweden, 91–95% of women had an intake below 15 mg/day.

In Ireland and Germany, 61–78% had an intake below 15 mg/day.

Conclusions.

In Europe, 61–97% of women have a dietary iron intake below 15 mg/day.

This contributes to a low iron status in many women.

We need common European standardized dietary methods, uniform dietary reference values, and uniform statistical methods to perform intercountry comparisons.

American Psychological Association (APA)

Milman, Nils Thorm. 2019. Dietary Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in Europe: A Review of 49 Studies from 29 Countries in the Period 1993–2015. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism،Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1183659

Modern Language Association (MLA)

Milman, Nils Thorm. Dietary Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in Europe: A Review of 49 Studies from 29 Countries in the Period 1993–2015. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism No. 2019 (2019), pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1183659

American Medical Association (AMA)

Milman, Nils Thorm. Dietary Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in Europe: A Review of 49 Studies from 29 Countries in the Period 1993–2015. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2019. Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1183659

Data Type

Journal Articles

Language

English

Notes

Includes bibliographical references

Record ID

BIM-1183659