Semifragile Speech Watermarking Based on Least Significant Bit Replacement of Line Spectral Frequencies
Joint Authors
Nematollahi, Mohammad Ali
Gamboa-Rosales, Hamurabi
Vorakulpipat, Chalee
Source
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Issue
Vol. 2017, Issue 2017 (31 Dec. 2017), pp.1-9, 9 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2017-01-10
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
9
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
There are various techniques for speech watermarking based on modifying the linear prediction coefficients (LPCs); however, the estimated and modified LPCs vary from each other even without attacks.
Because line spectral frequency (LSF) has less sensitivity to watermarking than LPC, watermark bits are embedded into the maximum number of LSFs by applying the least significant bit replacement (LSBR) method.
To reduce the differences between estimated and modified LPCs, a checking loop is added to minimize the watermark extraction error.
Experimental results show that the proposed semifragile speech watermarking method can provide high imperceptibility and that any manipulation of the watermark signal destroys the watermark bits since manipulation changes it to a random stream of bits.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Nematollahi, Mohammad Ali& Vorakulpipat, Chalee& Gamboa-Rosales, Hamurabi. 2017. Semifragile Speech Watermarking Based on Least Significant Bit Replacement of Line Spectral Frequencies. Mathematical Problems in Engineering،Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1190217
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Nematollahi, Mohammad Ali…[et al.]. Semifragile Speech Watermarking Based on Least Significant Bit Replacement of Line Spectral Frequencies. Mathematical Problems in Engineering No. 2017 (2017), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1190217
American Medical Association (AMA)
Nematollahi, Mohammad Ali& Vorakulpipat, Chalee& Gamboa-Rosales, Hamurabi. Semifragile Speech Watermarking Based on Least Significant Bit Replacement of Line Spectral Frequencies. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2017. Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1190217
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1190217