Adaptive PVD Steganography Using Horizontal, Vertical, and Diagonal Edges in Six-Pixel Blocks
Joint Authors
Swain, Gandharba
Pradhan, Anita
Sekhar, K. Raja
Source
Security and Communication Networks
Issue
Vol. 2017, Issue 2017 (31 Dec. 2017), pp.1-13, 13 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2017-08-02
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
13
Main Subjects
Information Technology and Computer Science
Abstract EN
The traditional pixel value differencing (PVD) steganographical schemes are easily detected by pixel difference histogram (PDH) analysis.
This problem could be addressed by adding two tricks: (i) utilizing horizontal, vertical, and diagonal edges and (ii) using adaptive quantization ranges.
This paper presents an adaptive PVD technique using 6-pixel blocks.
There are two variants.
The proposed adaptive PVD for 2×3-pixel blocks is known as variant 1, and the proposed adaptive PVD for 3×2-pixel blocks is known as variant 2.
For every block in variant 1, the four corner pixels are used to hide data bits using the middle column pixels for detecting the horizontal and diagonal edges.
Similarly, for every block in variant 2, the four corner pixels are used to hide data bits using the middle row pixels for detecting the vertical and diagonal edges.
The quantization ranges are adaptive and are calculated using the correlation of the two middle column/row pixels with the four corner pixels.
The technique performs better as compared to the existing adaptive PVD techniques by possessing higher hiding capacity and lesser distortion.
Furthermore, it has been proven that the PDH steganalysis and RS steganalysis cannot detect this proposed technique.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Pradhan, Anita& Sekhar, K. Raja& Swain, Gandharba. 2017. Adaptive PVD Steganography Using Horizontal, Vertical, and Diagonal Edges in Six-Pixel Blocks. Security and Communication Networks،Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1202794
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Pradhan, Anita…[et al.]. Adaptive PVD Steganography Using Horizontal, Vertical, and Diagonal Edges in Six-Pixel Blocks. Security and Communication Networks No. 2017 (2017), pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1202794
American Medical Association (AMA)
Pradhan, Anita& Sekhar, K. Raja& Swain, Gandharba. Adaptive PVD Steganography Using Horizontal, Vertical, and Diagonal Edges in Six-Pixel Blocks. Security and Communication Networks. 2017. Vol. 2017, no. 2017, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1202794
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1202794