HMGB1 is a Potential Mediator of Astrocytic TLR4 Signaling Activation following Acute and Chronic Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Joint Authors
Famakin, Bolanle M.
Tsymbalyuk, Orest
Tsymbalyuk, Natalia
Ivanova, Svetlana
Woo, Seung Kyoon
Kwon, Min Seong
Gerzanich, Volodymyr
Simard, J. Marc
Source
Neurology Research International
Issue
Vol. 2020, Issue 2020 (31 Dec. 2020), pp.1-9, 9 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2020-02-20
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
9
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Limited, and underutilized, therapeutic options for acute stroke require new approaches to treatment.
One such potential approach involves better understanding of innate immune response to brain injury such as acute focal cerebral ischemia.
This includes understanding the temporal profile, and specificity, of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in brain cell types, such as astrocytes, following focal cerebral ischemia.
This study evaluated TLR4 signaling, and downstream mediators, in astrocytes, during acute and chronic phases post transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).
We also determined whether high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an endogenous TLR4 ligand, was sufficient to induce TLR4 signaling activation in astrocytes in vivo and in vitro.
We injected HMGB1 into normal cortex, in vivo, and stimulated cultured astrocytes with HMGB1, in vitro, and determined TLR4, and downstream mediator, expression by immunohistochemistry.
We found that expression of TLR4, and downstream mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), occurs in penumbral astrocytes in acute and chronic phases after focal cerebral ischemia, but was undetectable in cortical astrocytes in the contralateral hemisphere.
In addition, cortical injection of recombinant HMGB1 led to a trend towards an almost 2-fold increase in TLR4 expression in astrocytes surrounding the injection site.
Consistent with these results, in vitro stimulation of the DI TNC1 astrocyte cell line, with recombinant HMGB1, led to increased TLR4 and iNOS message levels.
These findings suggest that HMGB1, an endogenous TLR4 ligand, is an important physiological ligand for TLR4 signaling activation, in penumbral astrocytes, following acute and chronic ischemia and HMGB1 amplifies TLR4 signaling in astrocytes.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Famakin, Bolanle M.& Tsymbalyuk, Orest& Tsymbalyuk, Natalia& Ivanova, Svetlana& Woo, Seung Kyoon& Kwon, Min Seong…[et al.]. 2020. HMGB1 is a Potential Mediator of Astrocytic TLR4 Signaling Activation following Acute and Chronic Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Neurology Research International،Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1203219
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Famakin, Bolanle M.…[et al.]. HMGB1 is a Potential Mediator of Astrocytic TLR4 Signaling Activation following Acute and Chronic Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Neurology Research International No. 2020 (2020), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1203219
American Medical Association (AMA)
Famakin, Bolanle M.& Tsymbalyuk, Orest& Tsymbalyuk, Natalia& Ivanova, Svetlana& Woo, Seung Kyoon& Kwon, Min Seong…[et al.]. HMGB1 is a Potential Mediator of Astrocytic TLR4 Signaling Activation following Acute and Chronic Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Neurology Research International. 2020. Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1203219
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1203219