Obstructive Sleep Apnea Monocytes Exhibit High Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion, Augmenting Tumor Progression

Abstract EN

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a syndrome characterized by repeated pauses in breathing induced by a partial or complete collapse of the upper airways during sleep.

Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark characteristic of OSA, has been proposed to be a major determinant of cancer development, and patients with OSA are at a higher risk of tumors.

Both OSA and healthy monocytes have been found to show enhanced HIF1α expression under IH.

Moreover, these cells under IH polarize toward a tumor-promoting phenotype in a HIF1α-dependent manner and influence tumor growth via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Monocytes from patients with OSA increased the tumor-induced microenvironment and exhibited an impaired cytotoxicity in a 3D tumor in vitro model as a result of the increased HIF1α secretion.

Adequate oxygen restoration both in vivo (under continuous positive airway pressure treatment, CPAP) and in vitro leads the monocytes to revert the tumor-promoting phenotype, demonstrating the plasticity of the innate immune system and the oxygen recovery relevance in this context.