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Evaluation of Occurrence, Concentration, and Removal of Pathogenic Parasites and Fecal Coliforms in Three Waste Stabilization Pond Systems in Tanzania
Joint Authors
Zacharia, Abdallah
Ahmada, Wajihu
Outwater, Anne H.
Ngasala, Billy
Van Deun, Rob
Source
Issue
Vol. 2019, Issue 2019 (31 Dec. 2019), pp.1-12, 12 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2019-10-23
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
12
Main Subjects
Medicine
Information Technology and Computer Science
Abstract EN
In Tanzania, waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are employed to treat wastewater, and effluents are used for urban agricultural activities.
The use of untreated or partially treated wastewater poses risks of disease transmission, including parasitic and bacterial infections, to exposed communities.
Little is known about the occurrence, concentration, and removal of parasites and fecal coliform (FC) bacteria in WSPs in Tanzania.
This study evaluates the occurrence and concentration of parasites and FCs in wastewater, the efficiency of WSPs in removing parasites and FCs, and the validity of using FCs as an indicator of parasites.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted between February and August 2018.
Wastewater samples were collected from three WSPs located in the Morogoro, Mwanza, and Iringa regions.
APHA methods were used to test physicochemical parameters.
The modified Bailenger method and Ziehl–Neelsen stain were used to analyse parasites.
Membrane filtration method was used to analyse FCs.
Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20.
Helminth egg removal ranged from 80.8% to 100%.
Protozoan (oo)cyst removal ranged from 98.8% to 99.9%.
The Mwanza WSP showed the highest FC reduction (3.8 log units (100 mL)−1).
Both the parasites and FCs detected in the effluents of assessed WSPs were of higher concentrations than World Health Organization and Tanzania Bureau of Standards limits, except for helminths in the Morogoro WSP and FCs in the Mwanza WSP.
FCs were significantly correlated with protozoa (p<0.01) and predicted protozoa occurrence well (p=0.011).
There were correlations between physicochemical parameters, parasites, and FC bacteria in the WSP systems.
Inadequate performance of these systems may be due to lack of regular maintenance and/or systems operating beyond their capacity.
FC indicators were observed to be a good alternative for protozoa monitoring, but not for helminths.
Therefore, during wastewater quality monitoring, helminths should be surveyed independently.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Zacharia, Abdallah& Ahmada, Wajihu& Outwater, Anne H.& Ngasala, Billy& Van Deun, Rob. 2019. Evaluation of Occurrence, Concentration, and Removal of Pathogenic Parasites and Fecal Coliforms in Three Waste Stabilization Pond Systems in Tanzania. The Scientific World Journal،Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1211825
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Zacharia, Abdallah…[et al.]. Evaluation of Occurrence, Concentration, and Removal of Pathogenic Parasites and Fecal Coliforms in Three Waste Stabilization Pond Systems in Tanzania. The Scientific World Journal No. 2019 (2019), pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1211825
American Medical Association (AMA)
Zacharia, Abdallah& Ahmada, Wajihu& Outwater, Anne H.& Ngasala, Billy& Van Deun, Rob. Evaluation of Occurrence, Concentration, and Removal of Pathogenic Parasites and Fecal Coliforms in Three Waste Stabilization Pond Systems in Tanzania. The Scientific World Journal. 2019. Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1211825
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-1211825