النظرية البنائية

Abstract EN

The constructivist theory is one of the theories of knowledge that has puzzled and preoccupied intellectuals and philosophers since ancient times in trying to give a definition of it or determine its meaning or characteristics or where it stems from and where it ends.

The educational research has witnessed over the past two decades a major transformation of teaching and learning.

The shift from focusing on the external factors that influence learner learning such as teacher variables - personality, enthusiasm, enhancement, learning environment, curriculum, learning outcomes and other factors - to focus on the internal factors that affect the learner, Previous, Exp His style of learning, his modes of thinking, his learning style, his cognitive style, that is, he moved from surface learning to what is known as "meaningful learning" or "real orientation of learning".

The so-called structural theory and replacing it with the theory of behavioral and cognitive theory.

The theory is based on Piaget's theory that cognitive learning takes place through the individual's mental adjustment, that is, a balance in understanding the reality and adapting to the surrounding circumstances.

Structural learning is therefore based on the organization of the individual structures of the individual in order to assist him in bringing about adaptation What is required, therefore, the constructivists emphasize the existing learning meaning and understanding.

Constructiveness is a common word in research literature and is commonly applied.

Any activity that allows the student to participate and engage in building knowledge.