القيم الأخلاقية بين الحرية و الضرورة عند باروخ إسبينوزا

Abstract EN

The issue of freedom is considered one of the most important philosophical issues that express human existence, because it is related to the existential act that man practices in his life, through which he establishes his value as a person and his being as an existence seeking answers to his questions Philosophical research on freedom has varied from the concept to the theorizing of freedom at the hands of thinkers and philosophers such as: Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677 AD), who tried to build his moral philosophy within a system of determinism governed by the system of nature that man considers a part of and subject to himself.

Also for this system that controls the basic human actions and emotions.

As long as all other actions are in Spinoza's view they proceed according to a fixed imperative, so that man can be seen as a thinking machine, subject in its actions to the system of the universal universe, and not having free will.

Then we will find no justification for the moral penalty within this system governed by olute determinism, and there is no room for freedom in it except within the framework of what this general order requires.