Association of body mass index, age, and gender with bone mineral density in patients referred to King Fahad University Hospital \

Abstract EN

Bone mineral density (BMD) is an important indicator of the possibility of osteoporosis and the risk of bone fracture.

Multiple risk factors may lead to low BMD, up to 80% of these risk factors are genetically determined and the remaining 20% are influenced by environmental factors including body mass index (BMI), age, lifestyle, and nutrition.

This study aims to assess whether age, gender, and BMI can be used as an indicator or risk factor for low BMD.

A retrospective study was conducted on 500 DXA reports collected from KFUH.

The collected data include patient demographic factors: age, height and weight, DXA report give BMD measurement for hip area and lumbar region, T-score, and Z-score.

Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

The results demonstrated that the overall percentage of osteoporosis was 34% in the hip area and 46% in the lumbar region according to WHO criteria.

BMD increases as age increases till the age of 45yrs.

BMD starts to declines gradually among patients aged between 45 and 75 yrs., with gross losses occurs for ages > 75 yrs.

Also the prevalence of osteoporosis shows a higher among under-weighted patients (BMI = 18-25) than among obese patients (BMI = 30-40) 77.8%, 29.9% in hip area and 66.7%, 6.9% in lumbar region respectively.

There is a positive association between BMI, gender, age, and osteoporosis.

Increased BMI is positively linked with increased BMD and reduced risk of osteoporosis.

An increase in age, especially after 45 years, is a contributing factor in the increased risk of low BMD in adults.