الاستقراء التاريخي في نقد التوراة

Abstract EN

Many Philosophers and Teologians have been busy exanining the gospels, and the teachings of the old testament were the most accountable, but the criticism of the Torah in light of method of historical induction was a unique project that was established by the Muslim philosopher Ibn Hazm Al-Andalusi within the framework of his defense of the Islamic religion.

and Musa Bin Maimon Al-quartubi followed as an attempt to purify the Torah from the filth that was attached to it.

the milestones of this science were completed with the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza who was influenced by his mentor Maimonides, so Spinoza took care of examining the old testament according to the method of historical induction but his purpose was the criticism in order to remove the character of holiness from it.

With reference to these models it becomes clear that the scientific method in the study of holy books just like any intellectual production did not exist out of nowhere as human thought is continuous links that contribute to each stage in building the next stage.