تقنية صناعة العطور في بلاد الرافدين

Abstract EN

Giiven tthe llack of iinformattiion aboutt tthe olld ttiiriing metthods and metthods iin iindusttry,, iitt has become necessary tto sttudy tthe archaeollogiicall deviices and ttoolls and compare tthem wiitth modern deviices,, and among tthe deviices used iin iindusttry are fllasks for lliiquiids,, miilllls,, fiilltteriing deviices,, vollume and weiightt measuriing deviices,, and chemiicall furnaces..

The perfume iindusttry iis one of tthe mostt iimporttantt and develloped chemiicall iindusttriies for tthe iinhabiittantts of Mesopottamiia,, iif aromattiic productts are used iin tthe anciientt Near Eastt iin generall and Mesopottamiia iin parttiicullar..

A gum tthatt fiilllls tthe aiir wiitth sweett smelllls when iitt cattches fiire..The mostt iimporttantt sources of perfumes are diiviided iintto iindiiviiduall perfumes tthatt iincllude perfumes of aniimall oriigiin (musk,, amber) and perfumes of pllantt oriigiin (saffron,, myrrh,, jjuniiper ttree,, tthyme,, and Saad)..

As for tthe compound perfumes,, whiich are representted by diifferentt ttypes of roses and basiill,, from whiich rose watter and rose oiill are exttractted,, and ttypes of roses (iiriis,, sumac,, myrttlle)..

The research matteriiall iinclluded fiive axes,, tthe fiirstt axiis ttallks aboutt tthe ttypes of perfume,, tthe second axiis iinclludes practtiicall ttextts for tthe perfume iindusttry,, tthe tthiird axiis summariized tthe ttallk aboutt tthe sttages of exttracttiion such as diisttiillllattiion and sublliimattiion,, tthe fourtth axiis summariizes tthe maiin feattures tthatt charactteriized tthe perfume iindusttry,, and tthe fiiftth axiis showed tthe mostt iimporttantt machiines and ttoolls used iin tthe perfume iindusttry..