القول بالتوحيد و القول بالطبائع المؤثرة-كتاب "الحيوان" للجاحظ في منزلة بين المنزلتين

Abstract EN

This article examines a fundamental and intricate idea, closely related to ontology; which is considering monotheism and influential nature simultaneously.

Ancient sciences of speech (theology) have clashed with naturalities, creating a controversy and conflict between those who opt for continuous divine intervention and those who choose influential natures in the world.

Between the two attitudes, we refer to those who interpret the system of this existence (the obligatory and the possible) according to a conception in which two views converge: a physical view of the cosmic phenomena expressing human will and relative natural laws, and a metaphysical view expressing the absolute divine will that is dependent on the relationship of these phenomena with God.

There is no way to know the divinities and prove them, except that they are promoted from the naturalities and thus, the way of inference from the latter to the advanced ones can be studied in light of the requirements of rational inference.

It is a perception that cancels out the old perception that made the issue of naturalities revolve in one sphere related to the departure from theology to ontology, or vice versa.

Hence, we consider Al-Jahiz a pioneer in linking the study of natural sciences with the study of speech.

Our research is based on tracing the foundations of the merging idea of the two issues: monotheism and nature, and revealing their justifications, on what is shown by the logic of inference on the origin of ontology in one of the canonical texts, which is The Book of Animals.

From this perspective, we consider this work a useful project in enriching the ontological-theological research in ancient prose.