الأفكل في التراث اللغوي العراقي القديم : دراسة لغوية دلالية

Abstract EN

Language is one of the most important aspects in studying ancient civilizations as it presents a rich subject matter that reflects the culture and prominence of those who speak it.

This is done by the written texts that the people of these civilizations leave in different types of sciences and knowledge.

In Mesopotamia, it comes at the beginning of these texts and the linguistic dictionaries written in Sumerian and Akkadian which are regarded as linguistic heritage that is rich in many linguistic terms that are still in use nowadays either in our standard language or in our slang some of these terms have the same pronunciation and sense; some have a similar pronunciation but a different sense.

The linguistic dualism and moving many linguistic terms from one language to another through migrations, conquests, or trade had a great role in enriching the ancient linguistic terms (Lexicons).

Of these terms that were used in Sumerian and Akkadian as well as in Arabic and other sematic language is "Prudent" "Al-Afkal" which has the same pronunciation and meaning in Akkadian and Arabic pronouncing this word had varied considerably in Akkadian; yet, it kept the same meaning and this is what we are going to deal with in detail in what follows