بناء برنامج إرشادي مقترح بأسلوب إعادة الصياغة في تخفيض التحيزات المعرفية لدى طلاب المرحلة الإعدادية

Abstract EN

This paper aims at: 1.

Identifying cognitive biases among high school students.2.

Constructing a proposed counselling program in the method of reformulation in reducing cognitive biases among high school students.

To achieve the aims of this study, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach.

The basic application sample comprised (100) students, whereas the statistical analysis sample consisted of (400) students who were selected in the simple random method from the study community of high school students studying in morning schools of the General Directorate of Education in Diyala/ Baqubah City Center during the academic year (2019-2020) in a total number of (7241) students.

Moreover, the researcher constructed cognitive biases scale based on (Kahneman's theory, 1974) and its definition.

In its final form, the scale comprised (42) items.

Validity was found out in two ways (face validity and construct validity).

As for reliability, it was found out in two ways: Alpha-Cronbach and retesting.

Then, the researcher constructed a proposed counselling program in the method of reformulation to reduce cognitive biases among high school students.

To find out the results of the paper, the researcher used the appropriate statistical methods.

The results of the paper demonstrated that there are cognitive biases among high school students.

Consequently, the researcher submitted a number of recommendations and suggestions.