اليابان من زايباتسو إلى كيريتسو

Abstract EN

The importance ofthis paper "Japan from Zaibatsu to Keiretsu" comes from that these holding companies were eÅtablished in Japan in two different periods.

Zaibatsu was founded in the Meiji era ( 1868-1912), and had a role in building Japan's economy and modern industry, and funding the government when it needed until it was dissolved after World War II by a decision from the Supreme Commander ofthe Allied Powers MacArthur.

Keiretsu, however was eQablished in the presence of the American occupation of Japan, as some of Keiretsu institutions were remnants of Zaibatsu companies from before the occupation, and was able to revive the Japanese collapsing economy after World War II and allow Japan to compete with the moQ powerful industrialized nations, especially the United States itself.

The research shows the role of these economic giant companies in effecting political events for the Japanese empire during the two rnoQ important periods of Japan's modern and current hiÅtory, and how the policy of these holding companies reflects on directing Japan's domeÅtic and foreign policies.

A number ofresults were reached.

The moÅt important ofwhich was the banning ofMacArthur and his Zaibatsu consultants, as it was deemed a non-democratic institution, which has accumulated influence, power and money in few hands.

The result of that was the involvement of Japan in many wars, including World War II.

Zaibatsu was banned first by a foreign decision from the Allied forces command, then by Japan according to an anti- monopoly law issued in April 1947, which considered the holding companies illegal.

Keiretsu was founded in different circumstances than Zaibatsu, as it was established under the American occupation and its laws for Japan and with its blessing, for it needed the Japanese industry and products, in contrast with Zaibatsu, which had a Strong support from the Japanese government.