Impact of code red energy drink on the functions and structure of the kidney of wistar albino rats : possible therapeutic effects of blueberry ethanolic extract

Abstract EN

This study aimed to investigate effects of low and high doses of Code Red (CR) on rat's kidney and blueberry therapeutic actions.

Thirty Wistar rats were sorted into 5 groups, Group 1 (Control): negative control.

Group 2 (Low dose Code Red, LDCR): received LDCR (0.72ml/100 grams/day) orally for 8 weeks.

Group 3 (High dose Code Red, HDCR): received HDCR (1.44ml/100grams/day) for 8 weeks.

Group 4 (LDCR+Blueberry): received LDCR for 8 weeks then blueberry (250 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks.

Group 5 (HDCR+Blueberry): received HDCR then blueberry.

Blood samples were withdrawn at experimental end for kidney functions (urea, uric acid, creatinine), inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β); oxidative stress [glutathione (GSH) malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)].

Kidney tissue examined at experimental end.

Exposure to CR doses of 0.72 and 1.4 ml/100grams/day induced increases in creatinine, urea, uric acid versus control and in high versus low dose.

IL-6, IL-1β increased in HDCR versus control.

MDA increased, while SOD, GSH decreased by exposure to two CR doses versus controls.

Parameters improved after blueberry administration.

Structural alterations found in renal tissues after CR ingested that improved by blueberry.

In conclusion, Code Red admiration led to renal destruction via inflammation and oxidative stress and improved by blueberry