دور المؤسسات الهجينة في التفاعلات الدولية : تجربة من داخل النظام السياسي الأمريكي
Other Title(s)
The role of hybrid institutions in international interactions : experience from within the American political system
Author
Source
Issue
Vol. 2021, Issue 49 (31 Dec. 2021), pp.75-104, 30 p.
Publisher
Al-Mustansiriyah University College of Political Science
Publication Date
2021-12-31
Country of Publication
Iraq
No. of Pages
30
Main Subjects
Topics
- Political systems
- Nongovernmental organizations
- Political pressures
- Decision making
- Government organizations
- United States
- Systems of government
Abstract AR
تعد دراسة و تعقب الجذور التاريخية لأية ظاهرة في غاية الأهمية ؛ لما يوفر ذلك من فهم و استيعاب تجذر أصول أية ظاهرة في مجتمع ما.
و تعد ظاهرة المؤسسات الهجينة التي توجد في الأنظمة السياسية الديمقراطية، هرميا بين الحكومة و البرلمان، و مؤسسات المجتمع المدني، و تحديدا بعد الحكومة و البرلمان، و قبل مؤسسات المجتمع و الأحزاب، فهي تنظيميا و تأثيرا فوق مؤسسات المجتمع المدني و الأحزاب، و دون الحكومة و البرلمان، و ذلك يعكس دور و أهمية تلك المؤسسات (الهجينة).
و عند الحديث بشأن السياسة في أمريكا، فهذه المؤسسات تمتلك تأثيرا كبيرا على صنع القرار في واشنطن، ففي تلك المدينة الصغيرة نسبيا، تنتشر مكاتبها بالآلاف لتتولى العمل، من أجل ترويج الأفكار و الطروحات بكل القطاعات، من الصناعة و الزراعة إلى السلاح و السياسة و الحروب.
Abstract EN
It is important in studying any topic to trace its historical roots, as this provides an understanding and understanding of the rootedness of any phenomenon in a society.
The phenomenon of hybrid institutions, which are located in democratic political systems, is a hierarchy between the government, parliament and civil society institutions, specifically after the government and parliament and before the institutions of society And parties, they are organizational and influential over civil society institutions and parties, without the government and parliament, and that reflects the role and importance of these (hybrid) institutions.
When talking about politics in America, these institutions have a great influence on decision-making in Washington.
In that relatively small city, their offices are spread by the thousands to undertake work to promote ideas and propositions in all sectors, from industry and agriculture to arms, politics and wars.
In other words, hybrid institutions that combine informal or semi-formal structures are a "pressure group" that tries to influence decision-makers in order to achieve its goals.
There is no doubt that the phenomenon of "lobbies" is the most prominent and controversial embodiment in politics.
America; being a reality whose impact cannot be surpassed.
The work of the lobby is based on forming a public opinion in favor or against an idea in a way that allows sufficient votes to be gathered to support that opinion in decision centers such as Congress.
In the context of analyzing the role of these structures or (US hybrid institutions), we are looking for the scope and nature of direct intervention by US lobby companies with the US authorities to persuade them to take a specific decision in the interest of this or that foreign country, or to postpone or refrain from taking a decision that harms this country, Or those and the strengthening of relations between those foreign parties and the United States of It is important in studying any topic to trace its historical roots, as this provides an understanding and understanding of the rootedness of any phenomenon in a society.
The phenomenon of hybrid institutions, which are located in democratic political systems, is a hierarchy between the government, parliament and civil society institutions, specifically after the government and parliament and before the institutions of society And parties, they are organizational and influential over civil society institutions and parties, without the government and parliament, and that reflects the role and importance of these (hybrid) institutions.
When talking about politics in America, these institutions have a great influence on decision-making in Washington.
In that relatively small city, their offices are spread by the thousands to undertake work to promote ideas and propositions in all sectors, from industry and agriculture to arms, politics and wars.
In other words, hybrid institutions that combine informal or semi-formal structures are a "pressure group" that tries to influence decision-makers in order to achieve its goals.
There is no doubt that the phenomenon of "lobbies" is the most prominent and controversial embodiment in politics.
America; being a reality whose impact cannot be surpassed.
The work of the lobby is based on forming a public opinion in favor or against an idea in a way that allows sufficient votes to be gathered to support that opinion in decision centers such as Congress.
In the context of analyzing the role of these structures or (US hybrid institutions), we are looking for the scope and nature of direct intervention by US lobby companies with the US authorities to persuade them to take a specific decision in the interest of this or that foreign country, or to postpone or refrain from taking a decision that harms this country, Or those and the strengthening of relations between those foreign parties and the United States of America
American Psychological Association (APA)
العيساوي، علي حسين حميد. 2021. دور المؤسسات الهجينة في التفاعلات الدولية : تجربة من داخل النظام السياسي الأمريكي. المجلة السياسية و الدولية،مج. 2021، ع. 49، ص ص. 75-104.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1366586
Modern Language Association (MLA)
العيساوي، علي حسين حميد. دور المؤسسات الهجينة في التفاعلات الدولية : تجربة من داخل النظام السياسي الأمريكي. المجلة السياسية و الدولية ع. 49 (كانون الأول 2021)، ص ص. 75-104.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1366586
American Medical Association (AMA)
العيساوي، علي حسين حميد. دور المؤسسات الهجينة في التفاعلات الدولية : تجربة من داخل النظام السياسي الأمريكي. المجلة السياسية و الدولية. 2021. مج. 2021، ع. 49، ص ص. 75-104.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1366586
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
Arabic
Notes
يتضمن هوامش.
Record ID
BIM-1366586