الحسبة على الأسواق و دورها في ضبط العملية التجارية خلال العصر العباسي الأول 132-232ه 749-847م

Abstract EN

The Arabian Peninsula region experienced an active commercial movement as a result of the existence of many markets before Islam, including the market of Domat Al-Jandal and Al-Mashqar in the Hijaz region, which is considered one of the first Arab markets that had a great economic position before Islam.

The multiplicity and diversity of commodity sources, so markets developed and became more organized through supervision and monitoring of activity in them by their own supervisors, so the function of calculation emerged through supervising and controlling markets to prevent manipulation and fraud and limit the occurrence of any forbidden commercial transaction.

Whereas the Messenger, may God's prayers and peace be upon him, used the task of supervising the markets by himself and watching and ending all those who violated illegal transactions, and appointed someone to represent him and help him in monitoring the markets, where he appointed Saeed bin Al-Aas to the market of Mecca, and after his death the Rightly Guided Caliphs followed his approach and undertook the task of the calculation on their own.

As most of them were from the people of the market, this Caliph Abu Bakr was Bazza, Umar and Uthman as well, and in the Umayyad era the market activity expanded with the expansion of the territories of the Islamic state as a result of the conquests, and the developments that took place in this era became the person who was appointed to order the markets called the worker on the market, as he started The caliphs command the calculation of the markets themselves, among them the Caliph Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik.

In the first Abbasid era, the term Hisbah had an administrative connotation, as it became independent by itself during the reign of the Caliph al-Mahdi and imposed for the muhtasib a monthly salary from the House of Money.

The Abbasid caliphs also designated the markets and did not leave the command to supervise them to their workers to prevent any neglect, given that the market is the effective center in stimulating trade.

Localism and the beating heart of the state's economy, and the thing that increased the value of the Abbasid state is the city of Baghdad, as it is a global market in which various commodities and goods are disposed of.

Also, if the markets were an important station for the economic renaissance, then they may turn into a focus that causes problems and strife, which is what the Baghdad markets were suffering from due to the movement Al-Shattar and Al-Rayyin who rioted in the markets.