An empirical test on the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Algeria: an ARDL bounds and Toda-Yamamoto approaches

Abstract EN

This study aimed to examine the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curves in Algeria for the period 1990 to 2019 by employing the ARDL bounds and Toda-Yamamoto approaches.

This study found: (i) The results of the ARDL suggest a long-run equilibrium relationship between carbon environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) and this determinants (ii) the impact environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) is positively correlated with the Gross Domestic Income (GDP) (iii) there exist an inverted U relationship between environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) implying the validity of environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Algeria (iv) according to Toda-Yamamoto causality results, there is unidirectional causality flowing from Gross Domestic Income to CO2 emission and There is bi-directional causality flowing from energy consumption to CO2 emission and There is bi-directional causality flowing from energy consumption to CO2 emission.