تأثير برنامج مقترح لتنمية المهارات الدفاعية لدى طلاب الفئات الخاصة للعبة الكرة الطائرة جلوس بدولة الكويت

Abstract EN

The indicators of the progress of nations and their civilization and the level of their development are related to a large range to the extent of their care for generations of various categories, so the concern for people with special needs in any society is regarded one of the most important criteria to judge the extent of its progress and development.

societies' view of the physically handicapped has changed in the present era, and they now receive special care in many fields, including the sports field, taking into account their conditions and physical capabilities.(28 : 3) practicing sports activities is of fundamental importance to the physically handicapped, as it qualifies them to bear the burdens of daily life, satisfy themselves, and develop the functional and psychological aspects (36 : 15).

in recent times, sport has developed as a result of its association with other sciences, such as health sciences, biomechanics, physiology, anatomy and engineering and others, that resulted in many opinions and studies which came into results that provided sports with a lot of theories and information that in turn contributed to the development of the level of performance and opened up new horizons for applied research that enabled the identification of many benefits of practicing organized sports activity, which was reflected in the performance levels.

throughout the reading of the researcher and review of many scientific references and previous research, he found that the importance of this study lies in the fact that it helps to improve the components of anticipation and raise the level of performance of defensive skills, which in turn helps to solve some skill and tactical performance problems in volleyball seating .

therefore, the researcher is conducting the current scientific study to identify the impact of the development and expansion of the components of expectation on the performance level of volleyball practitioners at al-Rajaa school for special needs .

research aims : this research aims to form a training program to develop defensive skills for volleyball practitioners and al-Raja school for the state of Kuwait, its impact on : 1-the physical and cognitive components of the expectation of defense skill.

2-the skill level of performance in the skills of (blocking wall-defending from the court).

research hypotheses : in the light of the research objectives, the researcher puts the following hypotheses : 1-there are statistically significant differences between the averages of the pre and dimensional standards for the sample (under research) in some of the physical and cognitive components of defense skill in favor of the dimensional measurement.

2-there are statistically significant differences between the averages of the pre and dimensional standards of the sample (under discussion) in the performance of defensive skills for volleyball in favor of the post measurement.

3-there is a correlation between some components of kinetic expectation and the level of performance of some defensive skills for volleyball.

the goal of the program : the program aims to 1-improving the performance of physical abilities (motor speed, coordination, accuracy) for practitioners students of volleyball seating.

2-improving the performance of the perceptual components (perception of distance, perception of direction, perception of force, perception of time) for practitioners students of volleyball seating.

3-improving the performance of skills (defending the field, blocking wall, kinetic expectation inside the field) for practitioners students of volleyball Seating.

grounds of the program : -the training loads were limited according to the scientific foundations and principles and the opinion of experts in the field of sports training.

-providing technical capabilities, tools and facilities.

-continuity and gradual training in order to achieve the required level of physical performance.

-availability of the element of suspense, gradation and diversity for the proposed exercises.

-taking into account the individual differences among students with the flexibility, diversity and comprehensiveness of the program.

-the following training methods were used : continuous, interval low and high intensity.

research implementation steps : pre-measurements : pre measurements were carried out on the research sample in the period from 10 / 12 / 2019 to 30 / 10 / 2019 basic experiment : the proposed program exercises were applied to the research sample in the period from 1 / 11 / 2019 to 2019 / 11 / 23, with two training units per week, and the time of the unit is 90 minutes, provided that the gradual intensity of the load is carried out during the program period, from easy to difficult, the proposed training units.

post-measurements : post-measurements were carried out for individuals, the research sample, in the period from 11 / 24 / 2019 : 12 / 17 / 2019, then the data were collected, tabulated and statistically processed.

the following statistical coefficients were used : -arithmetic mean.

-standard deviation.

-test (S) for significance of differences.

-pearson's correlation coefficient.

-the researcher satisfied in all results a level of significance (0.05).

conclusions : 1-the proposed training program has a positive effect on the components of physical kinetic expectation of defensive skill, which are (motor speed, accuracy, compatibility), where the differences were statistically significant in the dimensional measurement in one group of students practicing volleyball seating.

2-the proposed program has a positive effect on the perceptual kinetic expectation components (distance perception-force perception-time perception-direction perception), where the differences were statistically significant in the dimensional measurement between one group in favor of the dimensional measurement.

3-the proposed program has a positive effect on measuring the kinetic test, Bassin laboratory expectation of defensive skill in the laboratory, in the where the differences were statistically significant by the post-measurement of one group.

4-the proposed program has a positive effect on the level of skill performance in the skills (blocking wall-defending the stadium), where the differences were statistically significant in the dimensional measurement of one group.

5-the proposed program helps to develop the skill performance of volleyball students seating and improves their level of performance well.

Recommendations : 1-apply the proposed program to teams similar to the research sample because of its positive impact on developing the level of skill performance for volleyball seating.

2-applying the physical, cognitive, laboratory and skill tests in question to determine the level of teams similar to the research sample in motor expectation and its components and the level of skill performance.