تاريخ استقلال هولندا (1566-1648)‎

Abstract EN

The attempts that took place in the lowlands were to get rid of the unjust rule and the large number of taxes and the idea developed by the Spanish rule controlling them.

the Spanish king, who was in control of the lowlands, appointed his sister, Margaret, and she had three advisors imposed by the king on her dictating the provisions of the king, so the population felt more weary than this rule, king Philip ii of Spain sent to the lowlands alpha the military leader, so Margaret left the rule to them and left the lowlands, and the rule of alpha was characterized by severity and violence, revolutions began against the Spanish rule that tried to get rid of it so that there is an independent rule for them without interference external .an opposition formed against him, and they held the treaty of Ghent, whose goal was to expel the Spaniards, and a kind of self-government was established, but Spain's wars with England and its loss in 1588 weakened Spain's power in the lowlands over time, and the conditions for concluding the Westphalian treaty of Dutch independence in 1648 ended, and the Netherlands had the trade movement that established the Dutch East India company and the establishment of a colonial empire in southeast Asia as in Indonesia.

the seventeenth century until the Netherlands became aligned with European countries in the world of transport and trade.