أثر الحركة الإنسانية في العصور الوسطى

Abstract EN

The research paper discusses the emergence of the human movement in Europe at the end of the middle ages, a movement that places the human being and human values above everything, and we examine the knowledge of its emergence and spread to Europe and its impact on European thought.

thought leaders in this movement tried to return to the Greek and roman pagan texts that were neglected throughout the dark middle ages and to return to Greek thought.

among the most important thinkers and poets who represented humanism were Petrarch, peak Miranduli, marcel Fishan and Erasmus, who was called the prince of the renaissance.

they tried to get out of the principles of religious thought in the middle ages based on definite certainties and imposed teachings, and their rebellion brought them back only the thought of Greece and the romans, where freedom was, and they started a movement of translation of Greek thought into Latin and European national languages that were in the process of emergence at that time: such as Italian, French, English, and German.

humanism is that philosophical conceptualization that trusts and optimizes man and his capabilities.

in addition, the human being is for him the supreme value that has no value above it.

and for him man is an end in itself and not a means in any way during the middle ages they spoke of human etiquette and divine etiquette.

and they meant by the first the entirety of the worldly knowledge that they teach students in the faculties of art and rhetoric.

as for the second, they used to study it in colleges of Christian theology, where they were interested in religion and the gospel, explaining it and commenting on it.

theological studies clearly dominated human studies throughout the middle ages.

this is because the divine sciences are higher than the human sciences.

philosophy was the servant of Christian theology.